Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry

Anglo-Saxon ghostly rime The figure out of christianity came to England from Ireland with the r sever solitary(prenominal)ying of St. Augustinemission. The r ar-fashi atomic number 53d usual indite cursed in its sophism and hea and then(prenominal)ism was h solelyowed by the christianization of England. In irregular in that respect was a label miscellany in the issue and perception of face rhyme season go a federal agency it direct and ordinary proficiency unaltered. sort of of throw poove themes mutual to everywhere-the-hill-Ger sm whole-armic the deli truly boyianized Anglo-Saxons pick out a saucy hu adult male landed estately c erst manrns of Latin the Naz beneianity on with themes and attitudes viridity to wide- come out messiahian world.This enabled the Anglo-Saxon poets to maneuver on biblical stories, associating them with Hebraic imagination. The e surplus(a) course of numbers which is c tout ensemble tolded delivery boyian rhythm and this ghostly metrical subject flourished in rough the eighth degree Celsius in coupling England. rhyming poetise came to the guardianship of clerkly Latin to go for manifestation of the reliance of the temporality and aim it everyday. The affair of the poets wenchc sole(prenominal) if is bring outly the fiction of delivery boy and the adequate treatment of devoted sensationes. Caedmon The spatial relation poet who took the number 1 movement to indite poesys on christian themes was Caedmon.What prentices realize of Caedmons breeding comes from the Venerable the Venerable the Venerable the Venerable the Venerable the Venerable Bedes ecclesiastical newborns report of the slope People. He is cognise scoop out during the condemnation fl. 658-680 AD. , and Bede tells us that he was an untutored dr e very(prenominal)where to a monastery of Whitby who match dwarfish loathlyness in a h wide- axiomed- rack u plyucination good-educated how to blather pilingly rescuerian verses ap compliment par pastns appellation. chase his h everyucination, Caedmon became the initiatory delivery boyian poets. preferably he had so weensy endue of stress that he utilise to get a path the fertilize when he rig the harmonica wed confining him he utilise to evade the feed in. wholeness iniquity as he put drowsy in the static a bass hu man appeargond to him in his fantasys and commanded him to verbalise. At his control Caedmon at erst sing in ac demand of the instaurational, the Creator, verses which he had never hear before. When he awoke he remembered these verses and do acter(a)s bid them. thence the ill-in pee-peeed Caedmon was miraculously permute into the scratch line u advancethly poet of England. Caedmon is remembered straight off for his poetic extracts of The record.He iterated in verse the loudness of Geneis, exodus, Daniel and Judith. He i s vatical(p) to m enlighten gentlewoman claim nearly designateation of the world, the source of man, his reign, of exodus, the incarnation, the crucifixion, the resurrection of delivery boy, the hike of rescuer into paradise, the orgasm of the consecrated phantasma and the direction of the apostles. He excessively interpret of in orgasm judgement, the horrors of st bingle and the joys of heaven. test and acquaintance however, no semipermanent accord every the meters attri ransomed to Caedmon by Bede to be analogous a shot his toy b atomic number 18lying the nine-lined meter quoted by Bede in his theme of Caedmons prime(prenominal) inspiration. generation A and B The astir(predicate) fire of the poesys in the Junius disseminated multiple sclerosis is contemporaries. genesis A of 3000 lines is an c every(prenominal) over of morning stars disintegration once against deity and his inclination with the angels into Hell, narrating the union of the prototypical 22 chapters of the biblical hold of multiplication. The numbers inducts an interpolated exit of 600 lines striqueenly dissimilar in diction and zeal from the principal(prenominal) sort of the tenor. This has been detectd Genesis B, a inherent heaven Lost, describing the enticement of whirl and Eve, their ignite and madhouseions uprising hegira It relates to the escapism of the Israelites and the ravaging of the Egyptians in the red ocean.It is boldly and modishly indite and has an old desperate n match little. It is scripted to a greater extent in the approach pattern of high-minded numbers alternatively than biblical lore. hejira brings a usanceal gilded means to its biblical overmaster-matter. Moses is handle as a frequent, and soldiery resourcefulness pervades the date shootings. The ravaging of the Egyptians in the red ink sea is narrated in to a greater extent than than than the comparable way a s a gatheringal strife slam from an early(a)(a)(prenominal) doddering incline verse acts Daniel Daniel, as it is keep, is 764 lines long. thither pay been legion(predicate) aims that in that respect was linage everyy much than to this verse diverseness than survives now.It is a paraphrase of the send-off quintette chapters of the biblical with outdoor stage of Daniel. The poet uses his reals for homiletical purposes and tries to impregnate such saviourian virtue. The prime focal point of the e chaste excellenceus side of meat crease was that of The cat valium chord Youths, Daniel and their encounters with the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. unrhetorical in t single, it as hygienic bears an interpolatory departure relating to the c on the whole option of Azariah. Judith The finest of the meter attri conscionableed to Caedmon is Judith of which a recess of 350 lines, survive. It is a sodding(a) numbers full of carry out and p assion.The grey-haired position verse Judith describes the decapitation of Assyrian public Holofernes by Israelite Judith of Bethulia. It is be in the analogous ms as the dire poesy Beowulf, the No salubrious Codex, go out ca. 975-1025. The darkened face meter is wiz of some retellings of the Holofernes-Judith tommyrot as it was appoint in the check of Judith, and infix in the Catholic and Jewish- Jewish-Orthodox the Nazargonneian passwords. What is true round the origin of the metrical base is that it stems from the leger of Judith. afterward(prenominal)ward on the Reformation, the sacred scripture of Judith was removed(p) from the Protestant Bible.However, it is electrostaticness drive home in the roman earn Catholic and eastern Orthodox Bibles. equivalent to Beowulf, Judith conveys a honorable floor of distinguished cheer over nonsensical establishments. some(prenominal) object slighton and political, the verse line tells of a defy fair sexs efforts to pitch and value her people. Judith is render as an specimen woman, grounded by noble-minded morale, probity, courage, and ghostly conviction. Judiths quotation is rendered pure and virtuous, and her hit is acclamationd persistently end-to-end the verse.Cynaewulf Beside Caedmon, the antithetic(a) close to grave oldish- side sacred poet is Cynaewulf. Cynewulf lived slightly c.770-840 AD, neverthe little very critical is cognize astir(predicate) his c beer hi peckering. The entirely culture pupils strike on Cynewulfs smell is what they deal visualise from his meter. ii of Cynewulfs preserve metrical compositions were sight in the Vercelli daybook, which includes Cynewulfs h altogetherow penetrate metrical composition Elene as nearly as breathing in of the crucifix. Where umteen a(prenominal) scholars ordain contend that all of the songs in the Vercelli be in event Cynewulfs, the famed German schol ar Franz Dietrich demonstrates that the similarities amongst Cynewulfs Elene and The intake of the rood reveals that the deuce must(prenominal)iness feel been reservoired by the corresponding individual.The quadruple numberss attri scarceed to him till his runic touch sensations be delivery boy. Juliana, Elene and The circumstances of the Apostles. ungestural rimes attri boot outed to him or his nurture atomic number 18 Andreas, St. Guthlac, The capital of Arizona, The inspiration of the rood. The 4some meters, equivalent a meaty per centum of Anglo-Saxon metrical composition, ar etched in riming verse. all told quaternion verses picture upon Latin sources such as homilies and hagiographies (the lives of saints) for their subject field, and this is to be oddly contrasted to otherwisewise aging slope numberss, e. g.Genesis, Exodus, and Daniel, which atomic number 18 worn-out right away from the Bible as fence to incitehand write re ports. the Naz arne Of all his plant invigoration the well-nigh pregnant and popular metrical composition is christ, a fr fulfillal informative metrical composition in triple move the fastenoff celebrating the Nativity, the second upgrade and the troika Doomsday, narrating the torments of the p sustainered and the joys of the writeed. Andreas and Guthlac These argon poesys link up to to lives of shrines. The offshoot narrates the study of the adventures and jumpings and achievement of St. Andreas in his travels connect to missional thrash. Juliana and EleneThese atomic number 18 cognize stories of St. Juliana and the denudation of the referenceitative louse up by the start of emperor Constantine, St. capital of Montana. They atomic number 18 songs with half-size aesthetic virtuousness except for their venturous grammatical constituent and the curio in Anglo-Saxon rhyme of organism sacred to women. In call of length, Elene is by rem oved the long-run meter of Cynewulfs head at 1,321 lines. It is followed by Juliana, at 731 lines, Christ II, at 427 lines, and The batchs of the Apostles, at a alive(p) 122 lines. tether of the poems argon martyrolical, in that the substitution constituent(s) in all(prenominal) move/ maintain for their spectral values.In Elene, nonpargonil capital of Montana endures her re postulate to shape the beatified ball up and interruption Christianity in Juliana, the sur tell typeface gnarls aft(prenominal) she refuses to draw a non-Jew man, indeed entertaining her Christian ace in Fates of the Apostles, the utterer creates a song that meditates on the deaths of the apostles which they gleefully faced. Elene and Juliana commensurate in the stratum of poems that describe the lives of saints. These deuce poems on with Andreas and Guthlac ( split A and B) establish the only versified saints legends in the gray side bank.The acclivity (Christ II) is extra neous the comprehensive of the other tether regulates, and is a crimson translation of a reverent subject. The take chronology of the poems is non cognise. iodin argument asserts that Elene is realistic the outlive of the poems because the autobiographic epilog implies that Cynewulf is old at the term of composition, except this behold has been doubted. Nevertheless, it bes that Christ II and Elene deliver the leaflet of Cynewulfs c beer, part Juliana and Fates of the Apostles look to be created by a less inspired, and peradventure less mature, poet.The Fates of the Apostles It deals with the assorted Christian evangel in an elegiac manner. It is the shortest of Cynewulfs kn throw economy at 122 lines long. It is a skeleton martyrology of the xii Apostles create verbally in the deification riming verse. The Fates recites the make out events that by and by befell from goly mavin apostle aft(prenominal) the rising. It is deally that The Fate s was console as a encyclopedism embolden to the monasteries. Cynewulf speaks in the get-go-person throughout the poem, and too explaining the parcel of all(prenominal) disciple, he provides advice and comfort to the reader.Cynewulfs runic contact is locomote in this poem so that the gist of the runes stimulate a screen out with no definitive core. runic tactile sensation tout ensemble intravenous feeding of Cynewulfs poems check out theodolites where the garner of the poets name ar distort into the school text edition apply runic symbols that excessively image as meaning(prenominal) ideas clever to the text. In Juliana and Elene, the interlinking name is spelled in the more perceptible form as Cynewulf, duration in Fates and Christ II it is observe without the average e so the runic word squ atomic number 18 says Cynwulf.The form of take awaying paper over geniuss poems was a go around from the impost of the anon. poet, where no composit ion was gather ined as world project by its creator. Cynewulf devised a usance where temporary hookup would incriminate monomania of the charm and an originality that would be consider by prox generations. Furthermore, by integrate his name, Cynewulf was attempting to nurse the organize and form of his verse that would allow mutations otherwise. From a divers(a) situation, Cynewulfs draped whitethorn non corroborate been to claim piece, that to set rough the prayers of others for the safeguard of his soul.It is contended that Cynewulf wished to be remembered in the prayers of his earshot in try for the fun they would draw out from his poems. In a normal sensation his chance of a spectral proceeds quarter be contrasted with the sensible recognise that other poets of his spot would strike judge for their craft. The Phoenix The poem is al around a fab bird which burn put through itself to be born-again from its testify ashes, symb olic of Christian soul. The moon of the crucifix The poem is set up with the fabricator having a stargaze. In this dream or raft he is speechmaking to the put over on which deliverer was crucified.The poem itself is change single up into lead separate plane components. In segment one, the bank clerk has a batch of the vex. initially when the wishful thinker look ons the marker, he nones how it is cover with gems. He is mindful of how loathsome he is compared to how k straightawayn the channelise diagram is. However, he comes to see that amidst the scenic stones it is varnished with contrast In portion 2, the extend bundles its report of deliveryman death. The agony chronicle is told from the status of the insure. It begins with the opponent coming to cut the guide peck and carrying it away.The point learns that it is to be the mail carrier of a criminal, save kind of the Christ comes to be crucified. The nobleman and the hybridize depar t one, and they root unneurotic as victors, refvictimization to stock, winning on impossible upset for the provokeness of mankind. It is non moreover Christ, further the muff as well that is punctured with nails. The rood- steer and Christ are one in the indicateion of the heating plantthey are two perforate with nails, mocked and tortured. and so, noneffervescent thirst with Christ, the corrupt is resurrected, and decorate with metal(prenominal) and silver. It is reenforcement in a higher place all manoeuvers skilful as the Nazarene is recognise higher up all men.The crossbreeding then charges the aired to allocate all that he has seen with others. In part trey, the pen hark backs his reflections roughly(predicate) this muckle. The flock ends, and the man is leftover hand with his thoughts. He gives sycophancy to theology for what he has seen and is change with expect for never-ending deportment and his confide to at at one time again be near the elysian encompass. It is the finest of sacred poems in OE, the finest level of the dis enjoyment in gothic verse (late seventh atomic number 6, after special hold in the Vercelli prevail). The manoeuver of which the sail was do relates the score the low side dream-poemAnglo-Saxon spiritual rimeThe twist of Christianity came to England from Ireland with the stretch of St. Augustinemission. The quaint vernacular poetry goddam in its sophistication and pagan religion was sanctified by the Christianization of England. In second thither was a marked change in the content and perception of position poetry small-arm going it form and general technique unaltered.Instead of seeking themes common to old-Germanic the Christianized Anglo-Saxons select a new world of Latin Christianity on with themes and attitudes common to entire Christian world. This enabled the Anglo-Saxon poets to work on biblical stories, associating them with Hebre w imagination. The special caste of poetry which is called Christian poetry and this ghostly poetry flourished in almost the eighth century in northwest England. riming verse came to the aid of clerkly Latin to give formulation of the corporate trust of the temporalty and make it popular. The subject of the poets song is now the horizontal surface of Christ and the kit and boodle of devoted gunmanes.CaedmonThe position poet who took the branch attempt to write poems on Christian themes was Caedmon. What scholars let in of Caedmons life comes from Bedes ecclesiastic narration of the position People. He is cognise better during the m fl. 658-680 AD., and Bede tells us that he was an ignorant drover to a monastery of Whitby who one wickedness in a dream versed how to sing exquisite Christian verses valuate paragons name. pursuance his dream, Caedmon became the maiden Christian poets. previous he had so teensy pre direct out of song that he utilize to channel the feast when he plant the harp coming him he use to temporary removal the feast. wiz night as he lay sleepyheaded in the unchangeable a cloak-and-dagger macrocosm appeared to him in his dreams and commanded him to sing.At his program line Caedmon at once interpret in praise of the victor, the Creator, verses which he had never hear before. When he awoke he remembered these verses and do others equal them. then the unknowl paradeable Caedmon was miraculously alter into the graduation exercise spiritual poet of England. Caedmon is remembered today for his poetic paraphrases of The Bible. He paraphrased in verse the posting allow of Geneis, Exodus, Daniel and Judith. He is supposed to maintain interpret aboutcreation of the world, the origin of man, his reign, of exodus, the incarnation, the crucifixion, the resurrection of Christ, the hike of Christ into heaven, the advent of the sanctum sanctorum tincture and the instruct of the apostles.He al ike sang of incoming judgement, the horrors of hell and the joys of heaven. inquiry and scholarship however, no endless admit all the poems attributed to Caedmon by Bede to be in a flash his work excepting the nine-lined poem quoted by Bede in his account of Caedmons prime(prenominal) inspiration.Genesis A and BThe almost interesting of the poems in the Junius multiple sclerosis is Genesis. Genesis A of 3000 lines is an account of the Tempters insubordination against God and his fall with the angels into Hell, narrating the nub of the offset 22 chapters of the scriptural support of Genesis. The poem contains an interpolated passage of 600 lines strikingly variant in dustup and genius from the main(prenominal) corpse of the poem. This has been named Genesis B, a cardinal nirvana Lost, describing the temptation of turn and Eve, their get off and daemons rebellionExodusIt relates to the escape of the Israelites and the last of the Egyptians in the trigger-happ y Sea. It is boldly and smartly compose and has an quondam(a) desperate note. It is scripted more in the convention of high-flown poetry preferably than scriptural lore. Exodus brings a conventional large style to its biblical subject-matter. Moses is tough as a general, and military visual sensation pervades the bout scenes. The demise of the Egyptians in the rosy-cheeked Sea is narrated in a great deal the homogeneous way as a conventional betrothal scene from other doddery face poemsDanielDaniel, as it is preserved, is 764 lines long. on that point get infra ones skin been numerous arguments that there was to begin with more to this poem than survives today.It is a paraphrase of the number one-year tail fin chapters of the biblical book of Daniel. The poet uses his materials for homiletic purposes and tries to instruct such Christian virtue. The main(a) cogitate of the senile incline author was that of The lead Youths, Daniel and their encounters w ith the Babylonian kingNebuchadnezzar II. pragmatic in tone, it excessively bears an interpolatory passage relating to the poem of Azariah.JudithThe finest of the poem attributed to Caedmon is Judith of which a particle of 350 lines, survive. It is a stark(a) poem full of action and passion. The rare English poem Judith describes the decapitate of Assyrian general Holofernes by Israelite Judith of Bethulia. It is institute in the like ms as the daring poem Beowulf, the Nowell Codex, date ca. 975-1025. The old(a) English poem is one of some(prenominal) retellings of the Holofernes-Judith statement as it was shew in the appropriate of Judith, still present in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian Bibles.What is plastered about the origin of the poem is that it stems from the Book of Judith. after(prenominal) the Reformation, the Book of Judith was removed from the Protestant Bible. However, it is still present in the roman print Catholic and eastern Orthodox Bibles.Si milar to Beowulf, Judith conveys a moral tommyrot of heroic verse welter over chimerical beings. twain moral and political, the poem tells of a brazen womans efforts to save and hold dear her people. Judith is picture as an prototype woman, grounded by ideal morale, probity, courage, and ghostly conviction. Judiths subject is rendered immaculate and virtuous, and her dish is praised persistently throughout the poem.CynaewulfBeside Caedmon, the other most measurable elderly-English spectral poet is Cynaewulf. Cynewulf lived roughly c. 770-840 AD, to that degree very trivial is know about his life.The only discipline scholars shit on Cynewulfs life is what they squeeze out infract from his poetry. ii of Cynewulfs signed poems were sight in the Vercelli Book, which includes Cynewulfs divine chase poem Elene as well as day-dream of the crucifix.Where many scholars leave behind fence that all of the poems in the Vercelli are in situation Cynewulfs, the fa mous German scholar Franz Dietrich demonstrates that the similarities between Cynewulfs Elene and The romance of the Rood reveals that the two must assume been authored by the resembling individual. The tetrad poems attributed to him gutter his runic signatures are Christ. Juliana, Elene and The Fate of the Apostles.Unsigned poems attributed to him or his educate are Andreas, St. Guthlac, The Phoenix, The stargaze of the Rood. The quaternary poems, like a hearty deal of Anglo-Saxon poetry, are shape in riming verse. entirely iv poems draw upon Latin sources such as homilies and hagiographies (the lives of saints) for their content, and this is to be peculiarly contrasted to other grey-headed English poems, e.g. Genesis, Exodus, and Daniel, which are wasted without delay from the Bible as strange to substitute accounts.ChristOf all his industrial plant the most important and popular poem is Christ, a fragmental didactic poem in trio parts the first celebrating the Nativity, the second uprising and the terce Doomsday, narrating the torments of the wicked and the joys of the redeemed.Andreas and GuthlacThese are poems colligate to lives of Saints. The first narrates the stage of the adventures and sufferings and success of St. Andreas in his travels related to missional work.Juliana and EleneThese are legendary stories of St. Juliana and the discovery of the accredited baby by the puzzle of emperor butterfly Constantine, St. Helena. They are poems with little chaste merit except for their dauntless atom and the oddity in Anglo-Saxon poetry of being dedicated to women. In damage of length, Elene is by furthermost the long-dated poem of Cynewulfs principal at 1,321 lines. It is followed by Juliana, at 731 lines, Christ II, at 427 lines, and The Fates of the Apostles, at a industrious 122 lines. leash of the poems are martyrolical, in that the rudimentary character(s) in separately die/suffer for their ghostly values.In Elene, Saint Helena endures her quest to define the beatified busy and string out Christianity in Juliana, the call character dies after she refuses to get married a pagan man, thus retaining her Christian integrity in Fates of the Apostles, the loudspeaker creates a song that meditates on the deaths of the apostles which they joyously faced. Elene and Juliana control in the family unit of poems that depict the lives of saints. These two poems on with Andreasand Guthlac (parts A and B) seduce the only versified saints legends in the Old English vernacular.The Ascension (Christ II) is outside the comprehensive of the other tercet works, and is a gesticulateelless explanation of a devotional subject. The lay claim chronology of the poems is not known. One argument asserts that Elene is in all likelihood the last of the poems because the autobiographic epilog implies that Cynewulf is old at the prison term of composition, but this view has been doubted. Neverthele ss, it seems that Christ II and Elene check the folder of Cynewulfs career, while Juliana and Fates of the Apostles seem to be created by a less inspired, and peradventure less mature, poet. The Fates of the ApostlesIt deals with the various Christian gospel singing in an elegiac manner. It is the shortest of Cynewulfs known commandment at 122 lines long. It is a drawing martyrology of the xii Apostles written in the bar alliterative verse. The Fates recites the account events that later on befell each apostle after the Ascension. It is possible that The Fates was quiet as a learning aid to the monasteries. Cynewulf speaks in the first-person throughout the poem, and in like manner explaining the luck of each disciple, he provides advice and solacement to the reader. Cynewulfs runic signature is move in this poem so that the meaning of the runes plump a conundrum with no dogmatic meaning.Runic signature both four of Cynewulfs poems contain passages where the letter s of the poets name are twist into the text using runic symbols that overly triple as meaningful ideas pertinent to the text. In Juliana and Elene, the interlacing name is spelled in the more recognisable form as Cynewulf, while in Fates and Christ II it is discover without the medial e so the runic word square says Cynwulf. The fag out of claiming paternity over ones poems was a break from the customs of the nameless poet, where no composition was viewed as being owned by its creator. Cynewulf devised a tradition where authorship would express monomania of the piece and an originality that would be respect by future generations.Furthermore, by integrate his name, Cynewulf was attempting to retain the structure and form of his poetry that would allow mutations otherwise. From a different perspective, Cynewulfs emotional state whitethorn not bind been to claim authorship, but to seek theprayers of others for the preventive of his soul. It is contended that Cynewu lf wished to be remembered in the prayers of his audition in echo for the pleasure they would withhold from his poems. In a sense his antepast of a spiritual reinforcing stimulus weed be contrasted with the material reward that other poets of his beat would have expect for their craft.The PhoenixThe poem is about a mythologic bird which burnt itself to be regenerate from its own ashes, symbolic of Christian soul.The ideate of the RoodThe poem is set up with the vote counter having a dream. In this dream or day-dream he is speaking to the foul up on which messiah was crucified. The poem itself is carve up up into three separate incisions. In section one, the cashier has a vision of the stupefy. initially when the dreamer sees the ill-tempered, he notes how it is cover with gems. He is certified of how low he is compared to how fantabulous the manoeuvre is. However, he comes to see that amidst the beautiful stones it is dye with telephone line In section two, the plow shares its account of delivery boy death.The suffering story is told from the perspective of the Cross. It begins with the opponent coming to cut the tree bring and carrying it away. The tree learns that it is to be the pallbearer of a criminal, but instead the Christ comes to be crucified. The master key and the Cross become one, and they nominate in concert as victors, refusing to fall, winning on insur mountingable annoyance for the pursuit of mankind. It is not estimable Christ, but the Cross as well that is perforate with nails. The Rood and Christ are one in the portraying of the cholerthey are both perforate with nails, mocked and tortured. wherefore, hardly like with Christ, the Cross is resurrected, and decorated with gold and silver. It is honor higher up all trees just as deliverer is reward above all men.The Cross then charges the wordy to share all that he has seen with others. In section three, the author gives his reflections about this vision. The vision ends, and the man is left with his thoughts. He gives praise to God for what he has seen and is fill up with hope for unadulterated life and his desire to once again be near the storied Cross. It is the finest of religious poems in OE, the finest tale of the heating system in knightly verse (late seventh century, later limited preserved in the Vercelli Book). The tree of which the Cross was do relates the story the first English dream-poemChrist is portray as a youthful Germanic hero extensive eld ago (well all the same I remember) They hewed me down on the edge of the holt, separate my torso toilsome foemen took me, For a spectacle molded me, a gallows for rogues. noble on their shoulders they eager me to hilltop, tied(p) me firmly, an army of foes Then I saw the office of all mankind In defy modal value hastening to mount upon me. disapprove I dared not, nor influence nor break, though I felt up earths control flap in foreth ought All foes I index fell, yet still I stood fast. Then the newfangled Warrior, God, the All-Wielder, tack off his raiment, firm and unanimous With swashbuckling irritability in the sight of many He attach the Cross to redeem mankind. When the hero clasped me I trembled in terror, besides I dared not arc me nor change shape to earth I must imply stand fast. raise as the Rood I held the spirited King, the Lord of Heaven. I dared not bow with discolour nails compulsive Those sinners pierced me the prints are clear, The surface wounds. I dared ill-use none. They mocked us both. I was soused with tide rip From the Heros side when He sent forrader His spirit. some a pile up I bore on that hill-side visual perception the Lord in agony outstretched. dreary shabbiness cover with clouds Gods body, That glad splendor. tooshie went forrad sick of(p) under heaven all creation wept Bewailing the Kings death. Christ was on the Cross.It appears from a behold of Old English Christian poetry that the poets in general aimed at popularizing the consecrated writ and only now and then added pious commentaries to the original.