Best Buy Failure in China (International Business) Essay

In the world today, there are many companies getting involved in international business, and developing to become a multinational company. Why do these firms want to take the multinational route? One of the dominant frameworks to explain the existence of these multinational companies is the Ownership-Location-Internalisation (OLI) paradigm (Dunning & Lundan 2008). Running an international business is different from running a domestic business. International business requires you to recognise and understand the cultural differences between countries. Failing to recognise and understand this difference could possibly lead to many difficulties, or worse still, failure. In this essay, I will be discussing the difficulties that Best Buy Co. Inc. faced, and its eventual failure due to the lack of understanding of the cultural differences in its host country, China. The rise of China has matured into hope for the entire consumer electronics industry. The country’s 1.3 billion consumers and their fast increasing buying power have transformed China into the world’s largest consumer electronics market, a market opportunity that multinational giants cannot afford to neglect (Chen & He 2005). As such, Best Buy was just one of the many multinational companies that tried to enter the Chinese market. Best Buy Co. Inc. Best Buy is a multinational retailer of consumer electronics from the United States and operates in the United Kingdom, Canada, Turkey, Mexico, China as well as its home country. Started as the Sound of Music in 1966 as an audio specialty store by Richard M. Schulze, it was later changed to Best Buy Co., Inc. by the board of directors in 1983 and is now the leading consumer electronics retailer in the United States (Pederson 2004). Best Buy sells consumer electronics as well as a wide selection of related merchandise such as music, mobile phones, computers, computer software, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, video games, digital cameras, video cameras as well as home appliances. The multinational used a two-track approach to enter the Chinese market. The consumer electronics giant first opened a sourcing office in Shanghai in 2005 and began its efforts to expand into the Chinese market in May 2006 by foreign acquisition. The multinational invested $108 million to obtain a majority stake in China’s fourth largest consumer electronics retailer, Jiangsu Five Star Appliance (Bloomberg 2006). Soon after in December 2006, the company used the greenfield mode of entry and opened its first â€Å"Best Buy† store that followed their own US business model, in Shanghai’s busy Xujiahui shopping district. By imposing a US business model, Best Buy intended to convince fastidious Chinese customers with helpful and dependable service in clean, pleasant outlets. The chairman and general manager of Best Buy China, Lu Weiming declared that they were confident with the store model they had, which will differentiate them from competitors and consequently help them win the consumers’ heart (Kurtenbach 2006). The company later opened another eight stores, which increased the total number of â€Å"Best Buy† stores in China to nine. Problem Identification According to the China Daily on March 21, 2011, Jiangsu Five Star Appliance continued to expand. However, Best Buy’s expansion was slow and was not running as smoothly as anticipated. â€Å"The multinational brought in a Western business model and it failed to sufficiently attract the Chinese clients and customers,† said Chen Can, a senior analyst from Analysys International (China Daily 2011). Best Buy’s business model in the US, where the brand markets itself as delivering a better service than competitors, did not go well in China. After being in the Chinese market for five years, the company only managed to open nine stores, capturing less than one per cent of the Chinese market as according to analysts. Failing to catch on in the Asian country, the company decided in February, 2011, to close its headquarters along with all its nine stores (Birchall, Strauss & Waldmeir 2011). Causes of the problem Even though the company opened a sourcing office in 2005, the multinational still had a lot to learn about the Chinese and the way they did business. â€Å"The lesson we learned is that we got too far ahead of the Chinese consumer in how business is done in China,† said Brian Dunn, Best Buy’s Chief Executive (Groth 2011). He said the company’s mistake had been to open big box stores with fixed prices that were staffed entirely by Best Buy’s blue-shirted employees (Jopson & Waldmeir 2011). Clearly, Best Buy entered the Chinese market in 2006 with a lack of knowledge of the local consumer’s culture. International strategy is a strategy where the firm uses the core competency, which it developed at home, as its main competitive weapon in the foreign market (Sumantra & Nitin 1993). This is the strategy which Best Buy used. The company did not enter China with the intention to hire local talent who knew how to be successful in China. Rather, it entered the country intending to create talent that knew how to be successful in the United States (Adam 2011). When the multinational first entered the Chinese market, many people hoped that it would successfully replace the prevailing, yet widely criticised Chinese business model that focused on price-centred competition (Ni 2011). Imposing their core competency in the US model, the company offered â€Å"a concept ahead of the consumer,† said retail analyst Paul French of Access Asia which was based in Shanghai (Macleod 2011). Best Buy provides a premium shopping experience for its consumers, to which the Chinese consumers were ultimately not willing to pay for (Jopson 2011). Consumers in China are generally different from consumers in the United States. Wei and Salil (2010) stated that the Chinese consumers have a higher cognitive age perception, lower levels of physical health status and lower life satisfaction levels as compared to their American counterparts. Eastman et. al. (1997) conducted a study and found that there were statistically significant differences between the two, such that Chinese consumers were more materialistic than those in the United States. Eastman’s research was later backed up by Schmitt’s (1999) studies. In addition, Schmitt found that the Chinese consumers were more brand conscious and would go shopping with brands as a key influencing factor. The cross-cultural study above is just one of the reasons as to why Best Buy failed to attract consumers in China. For instance, the company’s store in China generally divides up electronics and other large-ticket items by category (Birchall, Strauss & Waldmeir 2011). However, the Chinese are inclined to put more faith in brand names than consumers in the US do. Due to this reliance on brands as a deciding factor, the Chinese consumer would generally prefer items in the store to be categorised according to their make rather than function. Another cause of the company’s failure in attracting Chinese customers lies in the fact that all sales staff in the store were the company’s direct employees who donned the ubiquitous blue Best Buy uniform. This was a stark difference to the scene in typical Chinese outlets, where consumers were accustomed to subsections of electronics stores being manned by the manufacturer’s own employees, who were also able to offer specialist knowledge (Jopson 2011). At the same time, Best Buy’s market research showed that Chinese consumers liked to try out new products. While this was true, what eventually happened was that the Chinese shoppers would first go to Best Buy to try out products, before promptly marching across the street to one of the other Chinese retailers and buying the said product for less (Adam 2011). This was partly due to the pricing in Best Buy stores, which was based on a fixed-price policy (Jopson 2011) and only served to push the Chinese consumer even further away. As stated by Montlake (2006), bargaining is a way of life in China. Chinese consumers like bargaining and they are used to negotiating with the salesperson to get a discount, which was not an option in Best Buy. Not only is bargaining not an option, the prices at Best Buy were also set at a premium as it followed the company’s US model of offering high-quality service and a better shopping experience to consumers, such as the opportunity to try products before making a purchase. However, that did not seem to suit the immature Chinese market very well (Ni 2011). Purchasing decisions made by Chinese consumers are determined by price and not service (Birchall, Strauss & Waldmeir 2011). At the same time, Chinese consumers had the perception that Gome and Suning, two of Best Buy’s biggest competitors, were able to under cut Best Buy’s prices significantly (Adam 2011). Chinese consumers care more about price than service (D’Altorio 2011). The Chinese do not penny-pinch and save because they like to, but because they have to. They voluntarily tax themselves so as to protect against the absence of a welfare safety net. If a Chinese consumer gets old, he will need that money to survive, since state pensions remain inadequate. As his parents age, he will need to support his elders, especially since he is likely to be their only child, a result of the country’s one child policy. This reality is what perpetuates and engenders the low-cost, bargain basement Chinese retail environment (French 2007). To top it off, Best Buy’s choice of a Chinese name left many consumers pondering over its decision. A country steeped in traditions and superstitions, many Chinese consumers commented that the company’s Chinese name, â€Å"Bai Si Mai†, was a bad one as it literally meant â€Å"to buy after thinking 100 times† (Ni 2011). Overall, the company’s business model, like its Chinese name, showed a lack of understanding for the Chinese culture. It tried too hard to educate Chinese consumers about high-end service value when lower prices were typically the only value that motivated them to make quick decisions. The consumer electronics giant’s overconfidence in transforming the Chinese consumer philosophy finally hurt its performance in the Chinese market. Maintaining only a small market presence in China, Best Buy not only failed to please its consumers, but its suppliers too, who did not receive many orders from the company (Ni 2011). Proposed Solutions There are huge cross-cultural differences between the US and China. Therefore, one change I will make if I was Best Buy is to take up a multi-domestic strategy instead of the international strategy adopted by the company. Multi-domestic strategies involve a high degree of customisation to the local market place (Hout, Porter & Rudden 1982). This is important, noting the huge cultural gap between the China and the US. Hill, Hwang and Chan (1990) also stated that a multi-domestic strategy is based on the belief that national markets differ widely with regard to consumer preferences and taste, competitive conditions, operating conditions and social structures. According to organisational capabilities theory, in order to leverage its competitive advantages in the foreign market, an enterprise must understand its business environments and adapt its operation modes to the host country (Xu, Hu & Fan 2011). This is also in line with the multi-domestic strategy, to which Anne-Wil (2002) has highlighted the need of multi-domestic companies to deal with markets where products tailored to local circumstances are required; and to be able to do so, companies need to be well aware of the local market and be well-integrated into it. This can be easier achieved by acquiring an existing company that possesses a knowledgeable work force and good connections in the local market. As such, the mode of entry decided upon by a multinational is a critical and strategic decision. To support the multi-domestic strategy and aligning with conditions in China, I will still first enter the Chinese market using foreign acquisition. Foreign acquisition involves having to invest in a local firm and in this case, I will be investing in Jiangsu Five Star Appliance. Acquiring Jiangsu Five Star Appliance will create access to local resources as well as knowledge of the Chinese retail environment within a much shorter span of time (Cristina & Garcia-Canal 2004). Acquisition is also a more effective way of exploiting foreign resources and markets as compared to joint ventures or licensing, as supported by the transaction cost theory (Hennart 2010). Tapping on the knowledge and expertise of Jiangsu Five Star Appliance, I will then use the greenfield method, which is the setting up of a new company legally independent from parents, to set up a Best Buy store in China (Cristina & Garcia-Canal 2004). By using a multi-domestic strategy, the management seen in the greenfield approach will be more similar to that of acquisitions (Anne-Wil 2002). The consequent Best Buy outlets will then be managed and accustomed to the Chinese market. For instance, as most Chinese consumers shop by brands, the store will therefore be segregated by brands rather than product category. Sections of the store will also be rented out to brand manufacturers and their designated areas will be staffed with their own sales team, so that consumers can receive specialised knowledge as well as bargain for a lower price. The store will not be carpeted or provide services like allowing consumers to test out the product before purchase. This is to prevent the Chinese consumers from having the perception that the store is pricier as compared to competitors, especially since China is a highly price-conscious market. As French (2007) aptly stated, â€Å"win on price and you win, period†. It is therefore of utmost importance to have a lower price as compared to competitors. In order to provide lower prices, I will acquire the real estate, instead of renting or leasing the property like my two biggest competitors Gome and Suning do. This will provide me with a great advantage as I can lower rental prices for the manufacturers, who can then pass the accumulated savings down to the Chinese consumers. Noting the Chinese aversion to inauspicious names, I will also conduct sufficient research and preparation into choosing a Chinese name for the store before its opening. Instead of using a direct sound conversion of the brand name like â€Å"Bai Si Mai†, I will translate the brand name by meaning instead, such as â€Å"Zui Hao Mai†. This literally means â€Å"best buy†, and doubles up as a call that encourages consumers not to miss out on a deal. Conclusion In conclusion, China is a huge and growing market with tonnes of opportunities that multinationals cannot afford to neglect. However, there is a huge cultural divide between China and countries from the west like the United States. Entering the Chinese market will require multinationals to recognise and understand the cultural difference between their homeland and the Chinese market. Best Buy failed in China due to a lack of knowledge and understanding of cross-cultural differences. Although the company chose the correct mode of entry by first using foreign acquisition followed by the greenfield approach, it failed because it adopted an international strategy thinking that Chinese consumers will welcome the same offerings that reflect its core competency in the US — value-added service. Thinking it could import its success in the US to China by focusing on the same areas, Best Buy’s targeted service approach failed to take off in a climate governed by financial sensitivity. While focusing on providing consumers with a great shopping experience, the company failed to consider a fundamental portion of the retail environment — price, which affects Chinese consumers much more than service. To improve on this situation, I would first enter the Chinese market through foreign acquisition, so that I may gain access to knowledge about the culture in China before starting on the greenfield route. However, instead of using an international strategy, I will opt for the multi-domestic strategy by adapting my operations towards the needs of Chinese consumers. This would circumvent the issues that led to the company’s downfall in China. Due to the country’s rich traditions, its people are habitual and tend to shy away from the unfamiliar. Should Best Buy have chosen to use a multi-domestic strategy, it would have realised the need to customise its offerings in accordance to local tastes and might have gone on to capture a larger share of China’s consumer electronics market. Reference List Adam, M. 2011, ‘Bye-Bye, Best Buy (China): You had it coming’, Adam Minter of Shanghai Scrap, 22 February, Viewed 22 August 2012, Anne-Wil, H. 2002, â€Å"Acquisitions versus Greenfield investments: International strategy and management of entry modes†, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 211-227. Birchall, J., Strauss, D. & Waldmeir, P. 2011, Best Buy brand shuts up shop in China and Turkey, London (UK), United Kingdom, London (UK). Bloomberg 2006, Best Buy chain on road to China, Tulsa, Okla., Tulsa, Okla. Chen, X. & He, Z. 2005, ‘Understanding the Structure of China’s Consumer Electronics Market: An Empirical Investigation of Its Consumer Segments’, Multinational Business Review, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 43-61, viewed 15 August 2012, Proquest database. China Daily 2011, ‘Best Buy seeks the best way to survive’, China Daily, 21 March, (Business section), Viewed 20 August 2012, Cristina, L.D. & Garcia-Canal, E. 2004, â€Å"The Choice Between Joint Ventures and Acquisitions in Foreign Direct Investments: The Role of Partial Acquisitions and Accrued Experience†, Thunderbird International Business Review, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 39-58. D’Altorio, T. 2011, ‘How the Chinese Consumer Defeated Best Buy’, Investment U Research, 10 March, Viewed 22 August 2012, Reference List Dunning, J.H. & Lundan, S.M. 2008, â€Å"Institutions and the OLI paradigm of the multinational enterprise†, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 573-593. Eastman, J.K., Fredenberger, B., Campbell, D. & Calvert, S., ‘The Relationship Between Status Consumption and Materialism: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Chinese, Mexican, And American Students.’, Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, Winter97, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 52. French, P. 2007, ‘When the Best Buy Is No Buy’, The Wall Street Journal Asia, 07 August, United States, Hong Kong. Groth, A. 2011, ‘Why Best Buy’s Overseas Strategy is Failing’, Business Insider, 04 November, Viewed 22 August 2012. . Hennart, J. 2010, â€Å"Transaction Cost Theory and International Business†, Journal of Retailing, vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 257-269. Hill, C.W., Hwang, P. & Chan, K.W. 1990, â€Å"An Eclectic Theory of the Choice of International Entry Mode†, Strategic Management Journal (1986-1998), vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 117-117. Hout, T., Porter, M. E., Rudden, E. 1982, ‘How Global Companies Win Out’, Harvard Business Review, viewed 25 August 2012, . Jopson, B. 2011, ‘Best Buy seeks ways to return brand to China’, FT.com Jopson, B. & Waldmeir, P., 2011, Best Buy seeks ways to return brand to China, London (UK), United Kingdom, London (UK) Reference List Kurtenbach, E. 2006, Best Buy opens store in China — Top U.S. electronics retailer to offer wide array, better service, Memphis, Tenn., United States, Memphis, Tenn. MacLeod, C. 2011, Best Buy, Home Depot find China market a tough sell, McLean, Va., United States, McLean, Va. Montlake S. 2006, ‘China’s newest shopping craze: ‘team buying’ ; More and more consumers meet online before banding together at stores to bargain down prices’, The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass., United States. Ni, V. 2011, Best Buy’s Withdrawal: American Morals Fail to Transcend Chinese Consumer Market, Asia Briefing Ltd., viewed 20 August 201. < http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2011/03/02/best-buys-withdrawal-american-morals-fail-to-transcend-chinese-consumer-market.html>. Pederson, J.P. 2004, International directory of company histories, St. James Press. Schmitt, B. H. 1999, ‘Consumer Segmentation in China’, In Marketing Issues in Transitional Economies, Rajeev Batra eds. Norwood, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Sumantra, G. & Nitin, N., ‘Horses for courses: Organizational forms for multicultural corporations’, Sloan Management Review, pp. 27, 31. Wei, Y. & Salil, T., 2010, ‘Materialism of Mature Consumers in China and USA: A Cross-Cultural Study’, Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, vol. 2, pp. 1-14, viewed 15 August 2012, ProQuest Central. Xu, Y., Hu, S. & Fan, X. 2011, â€Å"Entry mode choice of Chinese enterprises: The impacts of country risk, cultural distance and their interactions†, Frontiers of Business Research in China, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 63-78.

The movie “Amistad”

The movie â€Å"Amistad† is based on a true story. This tells us the story about some African slaves who were sold by their own countrymen to acquire weapons and money. During the time of translation to Spain, the crews rebels and kill almost all their Spanish captors. African slaves took charge of the crew to return to their homes, but they were discovered by American troops, who taken them as prisoners leading them to United States to determine what they would do with them. Upon arrival the slaves to America, it was decided that these should go to court for murder and piracy and keep them in prison. In the first court appear different characters claiming the right to these slaves, treating them as property and not as human beings. But an opponent of slavery Mr. Joadson, a ex U. S. President named John Adams, an attorney at law Mr. Baldwin, and a wealthy man and owner of several businesses and banks named Mr. Tappan, joined forces to free these slaves. Although it was difficult to get evidence to free the African slaves because of the language difference, they gathered enough evidence to make clear that these slaves had been bought illegally and they were not Cubans but Africans. With this evidence they won the case. The current president of that time named Van Buren changed the judge to treat the United States v African Slaves case to recover it and see a different response, but the result was the same; freedom to the slaves. Once again the President of the United States took the case but to the superior court where the ex-President John Adams and Mr. Baldwin's attorney at law, had a resounding success with the decision that these Africans were not property, they were human beings that had certain rights and could decide where they wanted to go. Cinque, the leader of the African tribe, thanked strongly the support these characters give it to him and to his tribe. Finally, Cinque followed in crew to free other slaves who resided in Spain to then return to home. Within the history of the film â€Å"Amistad† we can see different attitudes because during the plot appears different groups with different ambitions. On the one hand we have the group of the oppressed, referring to African slaves. Their attitude was of sadness, anger, and courage. They were sad because they were discriminated, separated from their families, suffered humiliation, starvation, beatings, and abuse and all these because of their color. At the same time they felt anger and courage to those people who abused them without mercy. But the biggest attitude that oppressed had been the desire to fight for their freedom and not give up. African Slaves always believing in the powers of their ancestors. On the other hand, there are the oppressors. In this group we can put together the Spaniards along with the Queen Isabel II, President of the United States, and 2 Spanish characters who survived the slaughter on the Amistad board. All of them had a selfish attitude towards slaves. They believed they could do with these people what they want because for them the slaves were not human if not a good. They do not care what Africans suffered, because according to them, the dark color let them to be miserable. The Queen Isabel II at the age of 11 thought that slaves were an essential part for the economy of her country. President of the United States did not want to release African Slaves because he was afraid of provoking a civil war and end on bad terms with the free trade agreement with Spain. Finally, the 2 Spaniard characters simply believed that they had the right to slaves because they survived from them and helped United State troops by the discovery of these. In the movie â€Å"Amistad† there were several conflicts. The principal was the issue of slavery which led to another conflicts. During the early 18's, slavery was something illegal in many countries. For the U. S. , in the north was not approved while in the south could be legal. Because slaves were forced to work long hours without a salary, they were very important in elevating the economy of some countries like Spain. With the pass of the time the issue of slavery took more importance and strength in the decisions of government. Due to the unleashing of the slaves, there were other social and political conflict as the Civil War, and the release of Lombok Slave Fortress. In the history of the movie eventually the anti-slavery group gets the desired result which was to free African slaves and return them to their homes, thanks to the wisdom of the ex-President John Adams and the persistence of the attorney at law Baldwin. Today, slavery is a thing of the past. Thanks to these accrual events that occurred many years ago today we can enjoy complete freedom in the United States of America. Although Africans had to go through many hard times to regain his freedom, slavery ended in the year of 1865 with the addition of the thirteenth amendment in the constitution. According to Chapter 6 â€Å"Civil Rights† it tells us that since the foundation of America the primary value was equality. Discrimination is a concept that can be defined as a behavior or attitude with others according to their color, gender, clothing, age, or race. Chapter 6 teaches us that the most discriminated groups in human history are women and blacks. The film has a social, political, historical and moral meaning because it leaves a great teaching on the issue of discrimination. It is noteworthy that â€Å"Amistad† is based on real events that left a great benefit to the United States. It has social significance because it shows that society can be composed of different types of people and we are all a fundamental part of development. Second, it has political significance because we can see that the issue of slavery was always linked to politics, as the relationship of slavery and the free trade agreement between the United States and Spain. Furthermore, slavery has always been treated by the government, who always took the last decision thinking about the best for the people or for it convenience. â€Å"Amistad† is historic because, thanks to anti-slavery people like John Adams, Mr. Baldwin, Mr. Tappan, Mr. Joadson and the great leader and hero of the African tribe called Cinque who had the courage to face great powers as the ninth U. S. President Van Buren and confront the vague, shallow, and undefined laws that existed in the system of legislation in that time, in our times slavery is condemn. In my opinion the greatest significance of the story of the movie to people of that time is the moral value. Mr. Joadson who was a black man, a slave at some time in his life, and a leading opponent of slavery, was a person who taught us a lot with her character because even though he did not born in Africa, and he was totally American, he venture to support the cause of African slaves and never turned his back on his race. Another example of morality could be the judge who replaced the elderly judge, who despite being young and very inexperienced, do not let the U. S. President told him what was he had to do. He always went hand in hand with their values and takes the right decision to release these people who had already suffered enough. This movie certainly left a great lesson in me. As stated in the cover of the movie â€Å"Absolutely Unforgettable† I will never forget â€Å"Amistad†. The film taught me that everyone has the right to fighting for freedom. Besides, no one can take your freedom and discriminate against you by your appearance, color, race, gender, age or anything else. In my case, although we are often called the minority as Hispanics in this country, we have rights like anyone lse and we deserve to be treated as humans and not as an object or property. I have felt discriminated against at some point in my life as many other people, but I know that people judge because we are full of prejudices. The true is that we are still slaves to our own prejudices. Although we are in the XXI century discrimination has not ended, and is the responsibility of each one of us stop judging people by their appearance and accept that if we are all equal in the eyes of God we should all be equal in the society.

Vodafone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vodafone - Essay Example ionally, the growing population coupled with poor communication network especially in rural areas has necessitated the demands of cost effective communication tools in these regions. In order to strengthen its presence on international level, Vodafone makes sure that it offers the offerings in accordance to the market needs. Presently, it has implemented a slightly different marketing strategy in developed and developing markets so that it can incorporate the demands of the respective markets. Even in India, it is targeting the rural population which does not has access to the mobile phones due to their high prices. Vodafone is utilising the marketing activities in compliance with Indian market so that the customers can understand its features. However, there is immense need of modifying the strategy so that it can include the business specific services for the thriving corporate world. Vodafone also known as Vodafone Group PLC is a multinational firm operating across the globe with having basis in UK. It is recognised as the Britain’s third prevalent mobile network operative company and the world’s largest mobile telecommunication network corporation which has revenues of about â‚ ¤20 million (Vodafone, 2013). The company was established in 1984 and its name is an acronym of Voice Data Fone. Currently, it has presence in all of the continents which comprises of direct operations in more than 21 countries and partnering networks in about 49 countries (Vodafone Institute for Society and Communications, 2013). Overall, the company is delivering services in more than 150 countries along with 23 different languages and has a customer (individuals and enterprises) base of more than 404 million (Vodafone Global Enterprise, 2014). The vision of Vodafone is â€Å"to attain the position of being a global leader in the mobile industry by adding value to the customer’s life and increase the profitability rate along with making the networks of mobile the ‘nervous

Jamie Olivers Approach to business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 28

Jamie Olivers Approach to business - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Oliver has been able to create a niche market position in the catering business overcoming the challenges of stressful conditions, high competition, and low payment. The main reason has been his leadership initiatives that thrive on clear vision, effective communication, perseverance, and capacity to inspire others. The researcher would also create the clear and strong vision with long-term objectives and short-term goals that would be shared with the workforce. By working along with his workforce, the researcher would serve as the model that would inspire them for higher achievement. Teamwork has been an integral part of Oliver’s approach to work. Argote believes that motivated teamwork is based on sharing of knowledge, understanding and mutual respect. As a leader, the author would ensure that team learning processes are encouraged for higher productivity. Effective communication amongst the workers not only helps to resolve conflicts but also inc ulcates an understanding of cross-cultural values and helps develop mutual respect. It also encourages the workforce to be committed to the organizational goals and work towards excellence, both in terms of goal delivery as well as personal and professional growth. The constant learning environment is yet another major feature of Oliver’s approach that would be used to provide the opportunity to the workforce to improve their skills and core competencies to meet the challenges of time. In the current environment of global competition, learning environment of organization would help create a group of human capital whose competencies could be exploited to gain competitive advantage within the industry. Judicious planning and work details were important aspects of Oliver’s managerial approach.

Compare the significance, ritual use, or cultural function or purpose Essay

Compare the significance, ritual use, or cultural function or purpose - Essay Example er, the two are also different from the structure, in which ijele is huge with a diameter of 183 cm and height of 366 cm, and also it is colorful and a form of entertainment. In contrast, nkisi is rather small, scary and represents gloom as opposed to entertainment. In addition, nkisi comes in different physical appearance and is curved in the shape of a human being while ijele has only one physical structure or design. Stupa is a Buddhist monument in the form of a hemispherical structure used by Buddhist as a place of meditation. Stupa is used ritually by the Buddhist to represent the five elements of life, earth, air, water, fire and space (Mitra 102). Therefore, they are used to honor living, and also a symbol of enlightenment. Iwan is also a monument like Stupa, but it is Persian and the only remaining ancient structure of Ctesiphon located near the town of Salman Pak,  Iraq. Iwan is the largest built arch found in the modern world, and it is only one, but Stupa are built in many places, particular where Buddists dwell and differ in sizes and sometimes

Discuss critically the idea of popular art in Africa Essay

Discuss critically the idea of popular art in Africa - Essay Example among artists who had come through the Fine Art departments of West African universities, and who sometimes began to write or speak as if we should thus omit these forms of practice from consideration as ‘art.’ Susan Vogel’s 1991 Africa Explores was criticised in precisely this way, for placing artists who were in some sense part of an international art world in the same space with sign painters. Indeed, one might have all sorts of reasons for being critical of it, but one achievement of Africa Explores was to show that the diverse forms comprising the category ‘popular’ had little or nothing in common, other than their location in a largely urban environment; and yet, in practice, printmaking, sign painting, photography, masquerade, textile design, etc, may well subsist as parts of a common set of visual environments; and yet, while possibly functionally inter-related within local art worlds at some level ,for example one medium as source material fo r another, each will have its own developmental trajectory. In this essay I will discuss the idea of ‘popular’ art in Africa. I will first focus on popular arts in West Africa then I will move onto the popular arts in Central Africa. Following this, I will discuss Primitivism and the Magiciens De La Terre event in 1989 and lastly, conclude that popular art are also much more than constellations of social, political, and economic relationships — they are expressive acts. Their most important attribute is their power to communicate. African art takes many forms and is made from many different materials. Jewellery is a popular art form and is used to indicate rank, affiliation with a group, or purely for aesthetics. African jewellery is made from such diverse materials as Tigers eye stone, haematite, sisal, coconut shell, beads and ebony wood. Sculptures can be wooden, ceramic or carved out of stone like the famous Shona sculptures and decorated or sculpted pottery comes from many regions. Various forms

Individual report based on an observation of an establishment Essay

Individual report based on an observation of an establishment - Essay Example Observation of the Hawthorn effect In order to examine the Hawthorne effect specific tests are performed. These tests mainly included examining the efficiency level of the employees. The employees and staff were informed beforehand that their actions will be kept under observation for the purpose of conducting successful experiments (Abratt, Beffon and For, 2011). Two different sets of experiments are performed one without the acknowledgement of the participants and one with the acknowledgement of the participants. The experiment indicated that the there is marked difference between e two experiments. So it can be concluded that Hawthorn effect was present in the observations. Details of the Hyatt Regency Different kinds of accommodations are available at Hyatt. Some of the types of rooms are standard rooms, triple or family rooms and suite. The hotel is present in 7 different international countries. Altogether there are about more than 500 plus bedrooms in Hyatt. Some of the well k nown brands are Park Hyatt, Andaz, Grand Hyatt, Hyatt Regency and many more. The hotel offers a diverse range of facilities starting from plush services like room services, online hotel and resort booking services, bag drops and pulls, dining and cuisine, baby sitting services, bell services, business centre services, concierge services, and currency exchange services (Aiken and West, 2001). The other kinds of services are engineering services, exhibit halls, food and beverage services, gift certificates. The different types of clubs, lounges and restaurants are Regency Club, Peppercorn Duck Club, Skies Restaurant, the Terrace restaurant, Coffee Express, Market segment of Hyatt Regency Table 1: Market segment of Hyatt Amerisuites Corporate business and family weekend leisure traveller, 30 to 59 years of age, 50% male/50% female, Household income $85,000+ Park Hyatt High income, Professionals, high level executives, celebrities Grand Hyatt Upper to high level income, Professionals, s enior and mid-level executives, upscale meetings, Hyatt Regency Middle to upper income, Professional, managerial, convention groups, Hyatt resorts Middle to upper income depending on branding, Professionals, mid to senior level executives, meetings and incentive groups Spa Hyatt Culturally sensitive acknowledging deep local customs and traditions Hyatt vacation club Middle to upper income, University educated with post-graduate degree courses Source: (Anderson and Mittal, 2002) Details of the information gathering process The resorts and hotels of Hyatt are connected to a central server of each hotel. The central servers are connected to each other in a network of interlinked and interconnected system. All the hotels and resorts of Hyatt use as single source software which helps to create an inter link between the various departments as well as between hotels and resorts (Berman and Evans, 2007). The implementation of the central reservation system at Hyatt has led to a record incre ase in the number of rooms sold (almost 31%). Whereas the industry average indicates that the number of rooms sold increased by only 20% to 25% (Craig and Douglas, 2005). The central reservation system is used for collecting information like the operational efficiency and revenue generation. The diagram given below gives an indication of the grading system of restaurant. Fig 2: Auditing process of restaurants Source: (Anderson and Sullivan, 2002) B Details of the administrative and accommodation departments The different typ

Promotional Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Promotional Analysis - Research Paper Example The area of the business is strategically located in order for its esteemed customers to access quickly. Because the store also has a high volume of individuals, it is situated in the center of the city and a very spacious locality. Due to greater demand for perfume across the world, the idea of note fragrance came into being. Moreover, the availability of materials as well as skilled labor required producing the product enhanced product generation, also there the high demand for quality and affordable fragrance perfumes boosted the business idea in its existence. Like any other business, the owners of note fragrance had an intention of making profit and employment generation to individuals around the world. In addition, strategic location of the company as well-advanced marketing strategies that are E-marketing among other online services boosted the Idea of generating the Note fragrance store. The business also requires little capital start as cheap and readily labor contributes in one way to another for the development of the fragrance shop. The idea of creating my perfumes emerges because passions and interest in perfumes. Apart from enjoying the beautiful scent of the perfume, I join the business for the sake of make profit and try to make ends meet. Due to readily available market for the product and sufficient infrastructure also boosts the need for one to invest heavily in the business. The product also does not only concentrate on particular individuals, but it cuts across to; young and old, men as well as women. Due to high demand and readily available market for the product, it will call for massive production that will increase the volumes of supplies hence meeting the customers demand at any given time across the world. Fragrance oil international limited is one of the major competitors, producing the same product as Note fragrance. In addition, luxury store also sells

Distinguished eighteenth century empiricist philosophers Essay

Distinguished eighteenth century empiricist philosophers - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that one of the most imperative of his doctrines includes the refutation of the (mis)conception that occurrence of two events or incidents contains some cause, which results into the happening of these incidents, as the effect of some cause that gives way to that the happening of the events. Hume, on the other hand, argues that since the magnitude as well as association between the cause and effect cannot be measured or estimated altogether, it would also be impossible to assert that happening of two events is the outcome of some cause. Thus, he does not perceive any cause in the occurrence of different events. Being a skeptic, Hume refuses to submit to the traditional notion about causation theory altogether subsequently. Nevertheless, it does not mean that Hume does not maintain any belief in causation; on the contrary, causation certainly exists, though it is unknowable; consequently, forming of complex ideas and different kinds of knowledge look f or either previous experience or analysis of the knowledge gathered or ascribed through any way. Here, the skeptic philosopher alludes to priori and posteriori knowledge, where the former is attained through experience, while the latter is abstract or intellectual one i.e. related to various disciplines like astronomy, science, mathematics and others. The philosopher cites examples of substances and abstract ideas in order to explain their development procedure and relationship with one another. Since Hume belongs to empiricist school of philosophical thought, he does not find the existence of any innate knowledge in humans. Contrarily, he divides the attainment of the same either through experience or through the application of senses while entering into interaction with the natural or social phenomena. Consequently, the individuals perceive the things in the light of either senses or experiences (539). Like Locke and Berkeley, Hume also declares application of senses as an unrelia ble source of perceiving the objects and phenomena, he views knowledge gained through the senses as inferior to the one that has been obtained out of experiences. However, both these ways may create errors and problems in respect of communicating the flow of information, and thus providing humans with appropriate knowledge as well. As a result, Hume suggests two different ways for getting knowledge and development of ideas in an apposite manner. Hume calls the ideas as spontaneous ones, which are permuted through imagination in order to change them into more complex form. Since the individuals do not have any experience about these complex ideas, which are actually the product of imagination, these developed ideas are unable to provide a clear concept of the objects related to the ideas (544). As a result, human creative power witnesses bar in respect of its extension, and hence turn out to be limited and narrower in the real sense. Complex ideas, in his eyes, are actually the produ ct of simple ideas, which could be stated as the dismal reflection of the simple impressions from which they are ultimately derived, to which they correspond and exactly resemble. In order to develop complex ideas on the basis of accuracy and true knowledge, by going through the process of composing simple ideas to change them into the complex ones, there must be the inclusion of experience, so that a mature and perfect picture of the situation could be drawn out of these simple and complex ideas. Since ideas are far less forceful than impressions,

Chart and Reflection Essay Example for Free

Chart and Reflection Essay 1980 Election This was a political event because it caused a change in the government. Americans wanted a firm, patriotic leader who had a plan to fix the economic problems carrying over from the 1970s. Jimmy Carter was running for reelection, and Americans overall were very unhappy with his leadership. Ronald Reagan emerged as his challenger, a former actor with great public skills and a plan. They elected Ronald Reagan in 1980 who had a controversial plan for fixing the U.S. economy, later dubbed â€Å"Reaganomics. † 1980  Reagan Doctrine Treaty of 1987 the presidents foreign policy in the 1980s of supporting anti-Communist revolutions. reduced existing weapons. the Reagan Doctrine would not shy away from directly confronting Soviet-supported regimes or groups. prevent nuclear proliferation in our own territory and around the globe.   U.S. support favored groups that, while not Communist, were not democratic either. The most controversial of these efforts was in Nicaragua. Mikhail Gorbachev took control of the Soviet Union. He believed that the future of the Soviet Union depended on important reforms and began to implement two programs. the policy led to U.S. involvement in conflicts around the world. Part 2: Answer the following questions in a complete paragraph of your own words. Do you think President Ronald Reagans policies had a positive or negative effect on the country overall? Explain your response. Reagans foreign policy actions were very positive because they lead to the end of the Cold War and the threat of communism that had been plaguing America for decades. What do you think was the most significant event of the 1980s and why? -Ronald Reagan elected president -Britains elite SAS frees Iranian embassy in London after being taken over by terrorists -52 Americans held hostage are returned home after 444 days in captivity -Ronald Reagan survives an assassination attempt by John Hinckley -Riots in Brixton and inner cities in Britain -Britains Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencers wedding -Discovery of AIDS virus These events are significant because they have had an impact on our country today.

Womens Advertisements Negative Effects

Womens Advertisements Negative Effects Advertisements in fashion have a significantly negative affect on womens self-esteem and body image. Women, especially young women take a second look at themselves and may feel insecure about their appearance when flipping through a magazine filled with advertisements. When we look at advertisements today, we see models that are perfectly thin. There are two companies whose ads stand out especially for the thinness of the models. Versace advertisements stand out because the models are so skinny that it becomes more than just a product. Victorias Secret models in their advertisements are also too perfect that it sets a standard for being sexy and beautiful. In one particular Versace ad, there is a model wearing a white dress that is standing in a way that makes her appear ultra thin. She is standing in front of a sea blue background that makes her white dress pop even more. She is also holding a Versace bag and wearing a ring. She looks distressed but as a high fashion model, this is the standard for Versace. She looks extremely tall, wearing very high heels, and her body appears almost deformed. This is a trend in Versace ads because thats what the company considers beauty. This may be just an advertisement, but it also does so much more. It sends a message to young girls that looking like a model is the ideal way to e considered beautiful. When it comes to advertising, women are portrayed in a way that makes the public feel less perfect. Media set a standard for beauty that is beyond natural or even attainable to most young women. Being surrounded by all these advertisements makes young women emotionally and physically confused about their bodies. Young girls are usually told it matters who you are on the inside, not the outside. This notion has less value as time goes on because media says otherwise. There is no way of escaping what media considers beautiful. Advertisements are found everywhere you turn, magazines, newspapers, bus-stops, billboards and especially on television. Advertisements for make-up and other beauty products contain the most artificial concept of beauty. In Victorias Secret advertisements, the models are not as odd as Versaces, but they are extremely thin. They have what most would consider perfect bodies. Since they are known for advertising lingerie, there are standards for how a model should look. Many young women compare themselves to these models even though they dont get the special beauty treatments that models usually get. Even though pictures are perfected on the computer, women still try to picture themselves as models. It is especially hard because of the amount of ads distributed in all directions. Even though these advertisements may be entertaining for men to look at, women take so much more from advertising. Women get the idea that if they look like a model, men will find them more attractive. The main message of these ads is if you want to be beautiful, buy this product. But the hidden messages are within the ad itself; companies see these models as just objects of advertising. The public sees these models as a reflection of the self that they dream to become. The idea is when you buy lingerie from Victorias Secret, you feel as sexy as the models appear. Even though this may motivate women to buy the products, it may still make them feel insecure. According to a study done by researcher Gayle Bessenoff, Ph.D., women became less confident about their bodies after viewing ads containing skinny models. Half of the women got ads of skinny female models advertising clothing. The other half of women got ads for everything else besides clothing that contained no female models. After viewing the ads, the women completed surveys rating various emotions. As a result, the women who viewed the ads of skinny models performed worse on all the surveys. Bessenoff said that women who already have low opinions of their physical appearance are at an even greater risk for negative effects from media images. The article goes on to say that these images of women arent as original as they appear according to a website called girlpower.gov. Images showed especially in magazines are touched up and the models are airbrushed to flawlessness which results in a perfect depiction of the female body. An article done by Body Image and Advertising on the healthy place website states that skinny women in advertising can lead to unhealthy behavior in women and young girls. According to the article, The average woman sees 400 to 600 advertisements per day, and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media. This is a lot of ads aiming at one person. According to the article, 69 percent of girls in a study say that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape. It is very unrealistic to think that every woman has the same body type and that every woman can look like the models if they work hard enough. The article also goes on to say that girls who already have body image problems and low self esteem are even more significantly effected by constantly be surrounded by advertisements in fashion and beauty. It states that males are also affected by the images in advertising and also go through body issues to meet up to the standards of what is depicted in advertising. Advertising is very powerful and even though many women know that it is unrealistic, others get caught up in the idea of perfection. Even though advertising has negative effects on women, some say that it also has some good sides to it. According to an article by Mike Howard, women prefer to buy products advertised by thin models. Howard talks about a research done by business professor Jeremy Kees. Kees research team came up with a conclusion that women who viewed ads done by skinny women felt bad about their bodies. Even though these women felt bad about their physical appearances, they considered the brands more highly. The second set of women viewed ads done by regular sized women, even though they didnt feel bad about themselves, they considered these products having a lower value. After the study was completed, women were offered cookies as a thank you for their participation. Surprisingly, the women who viewed skinny models were four times less likely to accept the cookies. The main point of this article depicts that women regard products pitched by thin women more highly and are more likely to purchase the m. Another benefit of thin models in advertising was proven by a research done by the University of Bath in the U.K. The researchers found that two-thirds of the women they interviewed preferred skinny models portrayed in print advertisements over larger sized women. The researchers interviewed 470 female undergraduates. They found that 67 percent of women favored thinner models while only 29 percent favored models of a larger size. The women who favored thin models were also slightly thin themselves and believed that weight can be controlled by dieting or exercise. They tended to think the thinner models were more elegant, interesting, likeable and pleasant according to the study. The study resulted in regular women favoring thin models because they can relate to them in some way and think that weight can be controlled. The larger women tended to think that the thinness is a result of the skinny models genetics and their weight cannot be controlled. The size of models also didnt matter to the larger women. The responses to some of these articles mostly support the idea that women should be aware of what is presented to them. They should have more knowledge about what s depicted in media. Although it is proven by some studies that women prefer to see skinny women advertising a product, it doesnt make them feel better about their bodies. The women may regard the product highly because of a thin woman, but this only benefits the product be advertised. It benefits the companies more than it does the women who are being exposed to such artificial beauty. Advertising promotes the idea that you have to look a certain way to be beautiful. It may not be obvious at first glance, but it sparks something in women that targets their self-esteem, this drives them to purchase these products. Insecurity about womens bodies lead to depression, eating disorders and other emotional problems. Young women face these problems as a result of this idea of beauty portrayed by media. It may be surprising to see that women admire the perfect bodies being shown in the media, but the main point is that it hurts them in the end. Insecurity leads to consumption, thats what drives companies to advertise. It may be seen that companies benefit from the insecurities of women by manipulating their minds to think that they need to look like that so they should purchase that product. It is sad to see that beauty is being defined by media. Women should know that perfection in created on a computer. By accepting this, they can feel better about their bodies and be beautiful through their eyes and not those of the media.

Grapes of Wrath :: essays papers

Grapes of Wrath The Grapes of Wrath: The Purpose of the Interchapters Initially, I found the interchapters to be annoying, interruptions to the story. It was only when I realized the point in having the interchapters that I understood that not only did they not interrupt the story, but they added to it tremendously. The interchapters provide indirect comments or general situations which suggest something about the personal tragedies of the main characters. These comments and situations help give the reader an understanding of what the characters are going through by either showing metaphorically their present or future triumphs and struggles or explaining the history of the period that they lived in. Chapter three is an interchapter. It describes a concrete highway that a land turtle struggled to cross. The turtle was finally almost there when it was hit by a truck and its shell was chipped and it was thrown on its back. The turtle had to struggle even hard but it did get going again. This chapter represented the continual struggle of that the Joads would have to face throughout the entire story. Throughout the novel the Joads meet many hardships. They are forced to leave their home, lose family members such as the grandparents and Noah, work for low wages, and suffer from hunger floods and cruel prejudices in California. But, just as the turtle refused to be swayed from his purpose so will the Joads. Chapter five is an interchapter that discusses a tractors hired by banks or a corporations that would come to the land and plow through it, destroying everything in its path. The chapter is an abstract conflict between the tenant farmer and the banks and shows the pain of a tenant farmer upon leaving the land that was settled by their grandfather. The tenant farmer was so upset that he threatened to shoot the driver . Another chapter describes a tenant farmer who has to leave and is cheated into paying to much for a car. Chapter nine describes the generalized families who must sell their sentimental goods at absurdly low prices. These chapters present the situations which the Joads come across very soon. The Joads have to leave their land and sell all their things.

In Of the Great White War and Base Details, the poets write about :: English Literature

In Of the Great White War and Base Details, the poets write about age and youth in times of war. Explore the feelings that the poets express and the ways in which they communicate these feelings to you. To answer the question above, I first have to get a vague idea of what both poems are about. It is obvious to see that both poems are about war and explore issues of youth and the aged. In my opinion both poems are anti-war and are against youth being sent to fight, and the way that the youth of England was abused by older or more powerful people to keep themselves safe and that is what I will be trying to explore, among other things, in this essay. I will analyse both of the poems individually as well as making comparisons throughout, as well as some final comparisons and a summary of the points in the conclusion. I will start with 'Of the Great White War'. In the poem the writer expresses his hypocrisy of the older generation. Examples are throughout but one is shown on line nine of the poem '(the aged) mouthed fair phrases one upon the other upon the supreme sacrifice'. That line alone has many examples of hypocrisy and half-truths. The use of 'Mouthed' as a description of how the aged talked about the war and the death of young men is designed by the writer to give the impression of falseness and lies. It is said without meaning or heart as if the speaker is not actually saying it, just pretending to as a routine or a duty. The saying of 'one upon the other' yet again is a way of making the aged men's words seem false and piled on top of each other without meaning. Describing the words as 'fair phrases' adds a sarcastic tone to the whole sentence, and 'phrases' reinforces the fact that the words are not meant to be true and are just phrases, things that are said as an everyday thing without thought. Finally the author talks about the 'supreme sacrifice' replacing death, as that is what the sacrifice was in the end. I think he disliked the term as he uses it in a negative sentence as he most likely felt it glorified death, and he disliked the attitude of old people as even though they talked about the glorious deaths and sacrifices, they were hypocrites not willing to die themselves. The poet also in the poem expresses his anger at young people being sent to die throughout the poem. An example of this is on lines five In Of the Great White War and Base Details, the poets write about :: English Literature In Of the Great White War and Base Details, the poets write about age and youth in times of war. Explore the feelings that the poets express and the ways in which they communicate these feelings to you. To answer the question above, I first have to get a vague idea of what both poems are about. It is obvious to see that both poems are about war and explore issues of youth and the aged. In my opinion both poems are anti-war and are against youth being sent to fight, and the way that the youth of England was abused by older or more powerful people to keep themselves safe and that is what I will be trying to explore, among other things, in this essay. I will analyse both of the poems individually as well as making comparisons throughout, as well as some final comparisons and a summary of the points in the conclusion. I will start with 'Of the Great White War'. In the poem the writer expresses his hypocrisy of the older generation. Examples are throughout but one is shown on line nine of the poem '(the aged) mouthed fair phrases one upon the other upon the supreme sacrifice'. That line alone has many examples of hypocrisy and half-truths. The use of 'Mouthed' as a description of how the aged talked about the war and the death of young men is designed by the writer to give the impression of falseness and lies. It is said without meaning or heart as if the speaker is not actually saying it, just pretending to as a routine or a duty. The saying of 'one upon the other' yet again is a way of making the aged men's words seem false and piled on top of each other without meaning. Describing the words as 'fair phrases' adds a sarcastic tone to the whole sentence, and 'phrases' reinforces the fact that the words are not meant to be true and are just phrases, things that are said as an everyday thing without thought. Finally the author talks about the 'supreme sacrifice' replacing death, as that is what the sacrifice was in the end. I think he disliked the term as he uses it in a negative sentence as he most likely felt it glorified death, and he disliked the attitude of old people as even though they talked about the glorious deaths and sacrifices, they were hypocrites not willing to die themselves. The poet also in the poem expresses his anger at young people being sent to die throughout the poem. An example of this is on lines five

Main differences between British and American English Essay

American English is now different from its British mother and we could say it is more than another dialect due to its importance nowadays. At the beginning of its history, after the American emancipation, there were two opposite attitudes towards the language: those who wanted to eradicate any legacy from the colonization and did not want a British model for their language and those who felt language loyalty towards mother- English. But finally, as in many British colonies, linguistic emancipation was a consequence of politics. The growing importance of American English is also due to politics: after World War II, when the United States assumed a more global role and had greater influence in fields such as economic, technological and political, America became a linguistic model. As well as this American English has a dominant influence in the world because in US there is 70% of the native English speakers’ population, for its big publishing industry and mass media technology and for the magnitude of higher education. The main differences between British English and American English are pronunciation, spelling and lexicon. However, syntax is not a big difference. Now we are going to have a glimpse at each, illustrating them with some examples. Referring to pronunciation we can settle some basic parameters to see the difference between dialects. First we have the merger of [I] and [a] before nasal consonants, makes pin and pen homophones in the American dialect. Many words that used to be stressed on their second syllable are now stressed in their first syllable (like reconcile) but in America nowadays this process is even more rapid. Words like cigar, hotel and Detroit are now front-stressed. Then there is the deletion or reduction of weakly stressed syllables, a process that has been really important in English phonetics and that now is extending throughout the States. An example of that would be fence from defense or ‘lectricity for electricity. Now let us have a look at spelling. Generally American English -or as a word ending is -our in British English like in color- colour and American English -er is usually equivalent to -re in British English, like in center and centre . In American English the final e is removed form verbs when making the gerund whereas in British English is not usual, like routing and routeing (US-UK) and another common difference is that American prefer -ization and -ize instead of the British -isation and -ise, for example organization- organize (Am.) and organise- organisation ( Br.). Probably the major difference between these two varieties is vocabulary, so words and idioms are quite distant. American lexicon is different because at first Americans had to name things that did not exist in Britain and then, for geographic reasons, it started changing and having its own criteria. Some words mean different things in the two varieties, for instance mean is â€Å"not generous† in British English and â€Å"angry, bad humoured† in American, rubber is â€Å"a tool to erase pencil† in British English and â€Å"a condom† in American English. These differences are on dictionaries but many vocabulary terms are used in a single form for each variety and then we can say it is the biggest difference between American and British. For example we can have trunk in American and lorry in British. Besides that, American English has reinforced archaic words such as maybe, which are not usual in Britain. Syntax is the most similar characteristic between these two dialects, but it also has some peculiarities in American English. To start with, double negation is possible and in British it is not. e.g.: I don’t have no money vs. I don’t have any money. Then, in American English there is a variation in the structure of indirect questions, which can be done as it follows: she asked him did he do it. Also the pronoun system varies: in general they are used in the nominative case , as a consequence I, she, he and we are prepositional or verbal objects. Referring to tenses there is a difference in the present perfect, which in British English is used to express and action that has occurred in the recent past and that continues in the present somehow. For example I’ve lost my key would be okay in American English but it is also possible I lost my  key, which is not correct in Britain. To express possession, while both forms are correct (and accepted in both British and American English), have got (have you got, he hasn’t got, etc.) is the usual form in British English while American English uses the have (do you have, he doesn’t have etc.)

Issues and Prospects of Internet Legislation

The 90’s marked the coming of an innovation, which proved the interconnectedness beyond time and space of people and institutions. Internet use had become widespread as infrastructures enabling its maximization take place and as markets and social organizations use it for various purposes be it in business, politics or socialization.However, alongside its beneficial results toward faster communication and as information dissemination facility, are issues, which drove concerned groups to seek legislations (i.  e. cyber laws or internet laws) against irresponsible use of cyberspace to further selfish and immoral ends. Some issues, which arise pertaining to the demand for legislation, are freedom of speech, jurisdiction, intellectual property and privacy.Yet, problems exist both in proposing for legislation and implementation of existing laws usually due to the vagueness of the policy and complex realities behind Internet usage.Internet has no boundaries whether jurisdictional or geographical hence, only the physical jurisdiction of the user may be subjected to the laws of his own area. Hence, legislation on cyber issues face the dilemma of identifying appropriate laws that may cover an offense made through Internet transaction. Nonetheless, there are three common laws from which to choose from; the laws in the state where the user is located; the laws of the country which hosts the server and; laws of the state where the correspondent user is located.What happens then when there are conflicts in the laws of two or all of the above? This is one issue, which affects the decent legislative initiative like in fighting cyber crimes (e. g. cybersex, hacking and cyber terrorism)- the absence of a universal law in cyber-related matters hence, the conflict of laws issue. What complicated the situation further is the argument of â€Å"privacy† and â€Å"freedom of speech† amongst those who defend against critics of personal blogs and e-journals expre ssing liberally one’s views against another.Likewise, intellectual property is a debated topic in the cyber world since transfer of files and sharing is easier now, therefore the neglect of IPR. The demand for legislation includes concerns toward regulation of content; corresponding juridical procedures and; strengthening securitization. Countries like Singapore, Saudi Arabi, Tunisia and Iran had practiced control of information rather than strictly observing policy-guided schemes. Then again, governments have been questioned vis a vis their authority to control information in blogspots, etc.The most alarming issue, which called for unity amongst developed countries in pushing for universal action, is cyber terrorism and cyber crimes. United States, Russia and EU member nations, Australia and Singapore are among those who enforced steps against those. The International Computer Crime Conference in Norway pushed for the following: formulation of multinational convention to com bat cyber crimes and to push for national security policies.

Religion and So-called German Christians Essay

Religion continues to be one of the most influential forces in the world. It has been seen to provide great peace and harmony to believers, but it has also been the cause if not an actual reason for some of history’s greatest wars. It can be used as justification from leaders of war, can it also serve as an instrument of resolution as well? Religion has come to be a much stronger force than any material incentives. It is far better at directing positive behaviour towards social betterment than any laws or physical force. For instance, Ghandi and Martin Luther King Jr conducted non-violent protests based upon religious beliefs. Religion can also be used to help bring people together as they are more willing to work together. By contrast, places that reject religion, such as Revolutionary France, communist Russia and China, or Nazi Germany are often very brutally oppressive. However, it is not always the case. For example, Iran: a country where religion is so prevalent is equally as oppressive as these countries. Incidentally, religion can be very dangerous because it can and has been used to justify horrific acts. Crusaders not only killed many Muslims, they also massacred many Jews and Eastern Christians in the process of attempting to win control of the Holy Land. Adolf Hitler’s followers – among them the so-called German Christians – were believers in their Fuhrer. The Inquisition carried out its torture in the name of God. Religion should never be involved in politics because it can then be used as an instrument of control. However, in places where religion develops freely and people have free access to places of worship, it provides people with a sense of hope, praying serves as therapy and members of a congregation feel a sense of community and friendship. Some of the greatest works of art were created in the name of God. Furthermore, Woodrow Wilson suggested that a strong affinity exists between religious commitment and patriotism. Love of country, just like the love of God certainly inspires good deeds but not always. Furthermore, religion may have led to the creation of the world’s finest art, but it has also caused its destruction. Religion can be a source of extreme nationalism. In Christianity, Islam and Judaism, God is described as â€Å"mighty warrior, â€Å"just king† and â€Å"righteous judge.† He apparently punished the unjust, the unrighteous and the disobedient. The idea that a nation is the instrument of God’s will has led to war and the subjugation of people viewed as ungodly. Fundamentalism clouds everything. There is a need to be right and superior, which develops an ego and once we fall foul to it, we are lost. Conversely, biblical commandments are the basis of Western ethical and legal systems. It has seen to teach us tolerance for people with other beliefs and opinions. Usually believers are more peaceful, law-abiding and tolerant than the non-believers in the world. Some people need it psychologically and without it may step to extremism such as suicide or anarchy. However, some live in a delusion and in a constant state of intellectual dishonesty. Some people, who are so far devout in their own beliefs, use them to beat other beliefs and religious groups into submission. Religions like Islam justify ‘holy’ wars against the unfaithful, meaning those of other religions. This can also be seen in the violence of the crusades launched by Christians in the medieval period and by later wars between Protestant and Catholic. Religious conviction like the extremist Hindu groups against Christians and Muslims in India has paved the way for the terrorist attacks in New York City on September eleventh 2001. Religious clashes have led to some of the most heinous human behaviour in recorded history. Western states grew as a result of religion and religious philosophy. Western European and North American societies are still based on Protestant ideals of diligence, thrift and moderation. The very existence of theocratic state, proves that governments in these states are much more stable than regimes in secular countries because leaders are viewed as appointed by God. Political stability, in turn, leads to economic welfare. Despite this, Theocratic states become totalitarian regimes because they are based upon obedience to a ruler who is seen as God’s representative rather than a democratic constitution. They may be stable but they are not essentially concerned with their people’s welfare. By prioritising religious imperatives over economic development and by their intolerance of the questionable types who drive economic process states like Iran have become corrupt, authoritarian and poor. In conclusion, I believe that religion provides many opportunities and hope for those who have nothing else to turn to, it helps bring unity and sometimes peace into communities. However, I also believe that it has become a perversion of the redemptive message of Jesus, by so-called devout humans using their beliefs to ruin and destroy the lives of many others. I myself am agnostic and am very open-minded.

Inflation Impact on Economy Essay

Inflation means a rise in prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. Inflation is caused by some demand side factors (Increase in money supply, Increase in income, Black money spending, Expansion of the Private Sector, Increasing Public Expenditures) and some Supply side factors (Shortage of factors of production, Industrial Disputes, Increase in exports (excess exports), Global factors, Neglecting the production of consumer goods). Inflation effects the different sectors of the economy (Effects on the distribution of income and wealth, Effects on production, Effects on the Government, Effects on the Balance of Payment, Effects on Monetary Policy, Effects on Social Sector, Effects on Political environment) and different classes of the people (Debtors & Creditors, Salaried Class, Wages earners, Fixed income group, Investors and shareholders, Businessmen, Agriculturists). There are many causes for inflation, depending on a number of factors. For example, inflation can happen when governments print an excess of money to deal with a crisis. When any extra money is created, it will increase some societal group’s buying power. All sectors in the economy try to buy more than the economy can produce. Shortages are then created and merchants lose business. In the end, the price level rises. Another common reason of inflation is a rise in production costs, which leads to an increase in the price of the final product. For example, if raw materials increase in price, this leads to the cost of production increasing, this in turn leads to the company increasing prices to maintain their profits. Inflation can also be caused by federal taxes put on consumer products. As the taxes rise, suppliers often pass on the burden to the consumer. In Pakistan, the most important thing is the rise in prices of oil, gas, excise duties and the increase in the utility tariffs. These all has an inflationary impact on the economy. Pakistan, with a population of about 16 million people has undergone a remarkable economic growth during last few years, but the core problems of the economy are still unsolved. Inflation is one of these core problems. Government claims that in order to keep the prices of essential commodities under control, it has been taking various measures throughout the year. In order to provide relief to the low and fixed income groups, the government has been selling wheat flour and sugar through the outlets of the Utility Stores Corporation (USC) at much lower prices than the market. The government has also allowed the import of various items through land routes from neighboring countries. But, all these are secondary measures. Problems like ‘inflation’ and ‘poverty’ can’t be resolved by applying the secondary measures directly, these need strategic planning. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, these core problems have never undergone such a planning process. Government has never invited foreign investment for the production of basic goods. Agriculture sector, on which the major industries rely for the raw material has not been given sufficient subsidies. The major rise in the prices is because of the increasing prices of oil (as increased prices of oil increase the cost of production), but no such steps have been taken to control the oil prices. Domestic productions at less cost of production will not only make the availability of goods much easier but Aggregate Supply will also increase, and domestic industry will get developed. Inflation is one of the obstacles on the way of development. In Pakistan, it has squeezed the major part of the population. It needs to be controlled by strategic planning. Domestic production should be encouraged instead of imports; investment should be given preference in consumer goods instead of luxuries, Agriculture sector should be given subsidies, foreign investment should be attracted, and developed countries should be requested for financial and managerial assistance. And lastly a strong monitoring system should be established on different levels in order to have a sound evaluation of the process at every stage. Inflation always hurts ones’ standard of living. Rising prices mean people have to pay more for the same goods and services. If income increases at a slower rate as inflation, the standard of living declines even if one makes more. So it is the root cause in making and affecting economy and people of the country poor. If we want to control inflation we shall have to inflict strict control over the supply of money and evading any relaxation to the supply of money. This is the most apt way whereby we can control inflation effectively and keep the economy of the country in a strong and stable position.

Asp Organizations That Offer Emr Essay

ASP is becoming the mainstream technology for providing EMR services to private clinics and hospitals. As describe by bradley (2013) â€Å"An Application Service Provider (ASP) is a business that offers software services to customers, using computer networks and the Internet as the mechanism to deliver and manage the service. † he further explained that the goal of ASP technology is to reduce cost to the businesses in term of acquisition and maintenance. ASP organizations that offer EMR: Almost all the EMR vendors provide EMR as a product and as an ASP. Following are a short list of organizations which provide EMR via ASP 1. Organization: HealthFusion EMR System:ASP: MediTouch EHR ® WebSite: http://www. healthfusion. com/ehr-platform. asp 2. Organization:waiting room solutions EMR System: waiting room solutions WebSite: http://www. waitingroomsolutions. com/ 3. Organization: ios Health Systems EMR System:Medios EHR: Electronic Health Records WebSite: http://www. ioshealthsystems. com/electronic-health-records/ 4. Organization: VItera HealthCare solution EMR System:VItera Intergy WebSite: www. viterahealthcare. com/solutions/intergy 5. Organization:Benchmark Systems EMR System:Benchmark Systems EHR WebSite: http://www. benchmark-systems. com/ 6. Organization:eClinicalWorks EMR System:eClinicalWorks WebSite:http://www. eclinicalworks. com/ 7. Organization:Bizmatics EMR System:PrognoCIS WebSite: http://www. bizmaticsinc. com/ 8. Organization:Allscripts EMR System:Allscripts EHR WebSite: http://www. allscripts. com/en/solutions/ambulatory-solutions/ehr. html 9. Organization: WebPT EMR System:WebPT EMR WebSite: http://www. webpt. com/ 10. Organization:ReLiMed Solutions EMR System:ReLiMed EMR WebSite:http://relimedsolutions. om/ 11. Organization:Office Practicum EMR System:OP Cloud WebSite:http://www. officepracticum. com/cloud. php Three EMR 1: eClinicalWorks EClinical: eClinicalWorks Web-based technology promise to provide fast and secure access from anywhere. It is widely used throughout the world and US by more than 70,000 physicians. eClinical use secure XML and HTTPs-based communication. eClincal Provide EMR, Prac tice management, Patient Portal, Interoperability between systems in the community or across the country. EClincal provide pricing information on their web site ranging from 449 to 99 per month. eClincal is CCHIT certified and qualify for meaningful use. 2: Allscripts. Allscripts Provide Allscripts EHR. Allscripts EHR is hosted in the cloud as a web-based service. Allscripts provide services in Ambulatory Care, Acute Care, Post-Acute Care. Allscript is CCHIT certified and qualify for meaningful use. 3: HealthFusion Provide MediTouch EHR is a web-based EHR. Its offer a touchscreen user interface. The company claim that it is the first all-in-one, Web-based, touch screen Electronic Health Record, and their touch screen interface make it very easy-to-use. The EHR offers functionality for charting, problem lists, medication management, electronic prescribing, allergy checks, order management, lab tests and document management. Meditouch is CCHIT certified and qualify for meaningful use. Criteria to compare: Before to developed criteria to compare the EMRs, It is advisable to define the objectives and goals for the EMR. As detailed by wager (2010) the EMR systems should enable use evidence-based standards to provide care to patient, monitoring the quality and costs, enable to clinicians to access to patient information in a timely and efficient manner, and improve efficiency and effectiveness. Wager). Once the a specific EMR qualify for the above goals following criteria can used to decide about the acquisition of system. 1: Cost of acquisition: To implement the complete EMR system is an expensive proposition for any private clinic or hospitals. Besides the actual product, the EMR needs a multitude of hardware to properly use all the fu nctionality of EMR. Which include server, workstation and back up system. Generally the ASP models have low initial cost and the vendor take the responsibility for hosting the server and maintain a backup system. : Reviews from other users: The acquisition of EMR is a lengthy process. It is very critical to evaluate the candidate EMR extensively. Review from the actual user will provide more accurate informations about the usability of the product. 3: Functionalities. Vaccine Tracking, Tracking and managment of Chronic Disease, Scanning, Labs connection to LabCorp, QuestLab) 4: Technical support 5: Remote Access 6: HIPPA compliant 7: CCHIT Certified 8: E-prescribing Differ in terms of service, Support, Financing. Reference Mitchell, Bradley. â€Å"ASP – Application Service Provider. † Networking – Computer and Wireless Networking Basics – Home Networks Tutorials. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://compnetworking. about. com/od/internetaccessproviders/g/providers_asp. htm>. â€Å"Web-Based Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Software | Reviews of the Best Systems. † Software Advice: The Authority on Software Selection. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://www. softwareadvice. com/medical/web-based-emr-software-comparison/>.

Algorithm Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Algorithm - Assignment Example The time taken for reversing the array would be linear to the length of the subsequence at each round. The time taken for palindromic check would also be linear to half of the length of the subsequence returned at each round. Hence, the total time for the algorithm would be O (n2). For the subsequence x [i†¦j] to be palindromic, the element x[i] should be equal to x[j], the element x [i+1] should be equal to x [j-1] and so on. Hence, to compute L (i, j), the elements x [i] and the element x [j] are first checked for equality. If equal, then we can say that L (i, j) holds at least a minimum value of 2 and the equality check is repeated for the next element x [i+1] and x [j-1]. If not equal, it is concluded that at least one of the element is not included in the palindrome. In that case, we are interested in repeating the check for elements x[i] and x [j-1] as well as x [i+1] and x [j] as we are not sure which element is not included in the palindrome. In the worst case, if none of the elements match, then L (i, j) is equal to 1 as every element is a palindrome of itself. Complexity analysis: As the computation involves two for loops, one running n-1 times which is O (n) and the other running n-s times which is also O (n), the total running time for the algorithm would be O (n2). Let be the median of x1, x2, x3.... As median occurs at i= (n+1)/2, we can say that there are (n+1)/2 -1 element smaller the median and there are n-(n+1)/2 elements larger than Sum of the weights of the elements lesser than the median can be written as: From the above analysis in (a), we found that the sum of the weights of all elements smaller than the weighted median is less than  ½. Similarly the weight of all elements larger than the median is also less than 1/2. We can compute xk by recursively calling the deterministic SELECT to compute the regular median. In each round, the array is divided into two halves around the calculated median xm and the actual median xk

Life Lessons From The Brady Bunch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Life Lessons From The Brady Bunch - Essay Example It not only generates new ideas and values but also transmits them to the younger generation. The family is the basic unit of society. In our contemporary society, we find many television programs involving families in different settings in different situations. One can say that almost all the possible issues and predicaments have been portrayed in the screen. For an inquisitive mind such as mine, it becomes interesting to find out how these shows affect the general public. In this study, our attempt will be to examine the relationship between a television program- The Brady Bunch - and its implications to the viewing public. I will be primarily concerned in determining to what degree The Brady Bunch has served as a mirror for society and a medium for transformation or conformity. The concept of "The Brady Bunch" started back in 1966 when Sherwood Schwartz (the creator and producer of the show) heard that somewhere between 20-30% of all families had at least one child from a previous marriage. He wrote a 30-minute pilot episode about a blended family; a man with three boys marries a lady with three girls and in the end they all go on the honeymoon together. He also had prepared several story ideas about the kids and their growing-pains and problems arising due to the new living situation. (Moran, 1992) Moran (1992) further relates that when the s... Yet, the program stands as one of the most important sitcoms of American 1970s television programming, spawning numerous other series on all three major networks, as well as records, lunch boxes, a cookbook, and even a stage show and feature film. The decided emphasis of the series on the Brady children made it very popular among younger audiences. ABC capitalized on this appeal, programming the show early on Friday evenings. This popularity also resulted in various attempts to create other profitable spin-off products: "The Brady Kids," a pop rock group (patterned on "The Archies" and "The Partridge Family"), a Saturday morning cartoon called The Brady Kids (1972-74), and regular appearances of the young actors and actresses (particularly Maureen McCormick and Christopher Knight), in teen fan magazines. Bellefante (1995) also relates that following its initial network run, The Brady Bunch became inordinately popular in rerun syndication. This success can be attributed in part to children's afternoon-viewing patterns. Often programmed as a daily "strip" in after-school time periods, the show found new viewers who had not previously seen the series. The age distribution of the cast may have created appeal among a range of young viewers, and as they aged they were able to take a more ironic viewing stance toward the entertainment of their childhood. The ongoing success of the Brady characters has continually brought them back to television. The Brady Bunch Hour, produced by Sid and Marty Krofft from 1976-1977 on ABC, had the family hosting a vividly-colored disco-oriented variety series. The Brady Brides, on NBC in 1981, was a half-hour sitcom about Marcia and Jan as they dealt with their new husbands and the trials of being married. In December 1988, CBS aired the

Should same sex couples be allowed to adopt Essay

Should same sex couples be allowed to adopt - Essay Example At the same time many same sex married couples are nowadays trying to adopt children since it is impossible for them to conceive without the help from the opposite gender. Adoption is the only way for such couples to have a child. But adoption by same sex couples has raised many ethical and legal issues in the current world. Critics of same sex couple adoption argue that such adoption will deny the child the much needed care and love from either a father or a mother. On the other hand, supporters of such adoption believe that it is injustice to deny the adoption rights to same sex couples because of their natural inability to conceive. This paper briefly analyses the arguments of both the supporters and opponents of same sex couple adoption. Belge (2010) has argued that The United States has many older children and those with special needs children waiting to be adopted. It is difficult fro such children to find an artificial father or mother through adoption (Belge, 2010). Instead o f leaving such children in darkness it is better to allow same sex couples to adopt such children. If such children allow growing in pathetic conditions their physical and mental growth might not be proper. On the other hand, if the same sex couples allowed adopting such children, both the children and the adopted parents would benefit from that. Scientific studies have shown that children who grow up in one or two-parent gay or lesbian households fare just as well emotionally and socially as children whose parents are heterosexual (Belge, 2010).

Management Interim Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Interim Report - Essay Example This would subsequently guide them in the future and avoid the hurdles of developing a new project plan each time a new project idea is conceived and due for implementation. The objective of this project is to develop a project plan for the organisation a one day music festival to be held in Greenwich Park. For the organisation of the musical festival to be a success on the part of the promoter, a detail project plan would be developed to incorporate all the activities and guide the promoter on what steps and decisions to make. To meet up with these objectives, the following plan would be followed and proposed to the organiser: For the scope of this project, it is being undertaken for a target audience of 5,000 people. In addition to this, the plan is being developed for the musical festival to take place one month from today. Detailing the team structure has to do with resource loading and task scheduling. The structuring of the clients team to handle this project would depend on the number of employees it has. If the number of employees were given then I would have proceeded to making a resource loading chart so that the client would strictly follow. However, my team is an eleven-man team comprising the overall project director, and ten other persons.

The Effectiveness of Professional Development in Mathematics Essay

The Effectiveness of Professional Development in Mathematics - Essay Example Numeracy is one of the most important part of pre-school and school learning. "It is our skills in numeracy that allow us to read a bus timetable, estimate the cost of a basket full of groceries, and transfer a 2-dimensional plan into a 3-dimensional reality. In the future, our children are likely to need higher levels of numeracy as adults than we do today" (2). We live in the twenty first century - it is time of globalization, high technologies and great information values, so it is very important children to possess appropriate knowledge of processing information, large part of which are figures, graphs and diagrams. It is necessary for children to develop numeracy skills since childhood - these skills are determined in their further mathematical education and development. 2. The problem is methodological approach to the numeracy strategy teaching in schools and pre-school institutions. "The Archdiocesan Numeracy Strategy focuses on ensuring that children develop their numeracy skills and understandings from the earliest years of schooling and that a love and enjoyment of numeracy is fostered" (2). The first phase of the system focuses on children up to four and their learning of the number system. "Assessment Guided Learning is a key element of the Archdiocesan Numeracy Strategy. Assessment Guided Learning means that teaching and learning is informed by what the child can do" (2). Quality teacher learning is tightly c... The main focus of the review is the teachers' professional development in mathematics and its application in numeracy strategy implementation. The teacher who works with the numeracy strategy must be very competent as he teaches small children, and numeracy skills are determined in children' further mathematical development. The growth of competence and expertise in classroom teaching is clearly crucial for teacher's professional growth and for the effectiveness of the whole Mathematics teaching system. A teacher must know how to teach well. Teaching numeracy, he must develop his own teaching skills such as: knowledge, comprising the teacher's knowledge about Mathematics, pupils, curriculum, teaching methods, the influence of teaching and learning of other factors, and knowledge about the teacher's own teaching skills; decision making, comprising the thinking and decision making which occurs before, during and after a lesson, concerning how best to achieve the educational outcomes intended; action, comprising the overt behaviour by teachers undertaken to foster pupil learning.Using numeracy strategy, lesson planning and pr eparation must take into account the specificity of the subject thought. These skills are involved in selecting the educational aims and learning outcomes intended for a lesson and how best to achieve these. It would be better if a lesson has the following structure: "Introduction - Warm up, revision/questioning, concept and language development, statement of goals and/or outcomes; Middle Phase - Activities in groups or pairs, hands on, extension, graded, levelled or open-ended tasks; Final phase - Sharing, reviewing and consolidating" (3). These phases are very

Application 6.2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application 6.2 - Assignment Example the university level, there was a consideration of a proposal to make alterations to the job designs of staff of the MSOD program (Cummings, Thomas, and Worley 116). The composition of the staff at MSOD program comprises of a faculty director, an administrative assistant and a program administrator. The main pint of focus of this application is on the roles and responsibilities of the Program Administrator of the MSOD program. The holder of the particular office is charged with the responsibility of recruitment of n students while conducting marketing for the said educational institution, the management of logistics delivery pertaining the off-site program, foreseeing the student registration process, managing the financial payment procedures of students and finally keeping close links with the MSOD alumni. Under the marketing docket, the Program administrator is supposed to work in collaboration with the Marketing Director and the Program Director to come up with clear cut initiatives for marketing such as advertisements, conference support an marketing and the designing an issuance of brochures during various exposures (Cummings, Thomas, and Worley 116). Moreover, the office is also charged with the overseeing of the recruitment process through explaining to the eligible cand idates on the modes of applications and the expectations. The functions of the Program administrator of the MSOD program was influenced by the increment of the tuition fees, the corporate policy on tuition reimbursement was restricted and the economy also played a difficult note for the program and its prospectus to suit (Cummings, Thomas, and Worley 116). The main reason as to why the institution had overtasked the Program Administrator was that it was trying to enrich the position through allocation of vital roles without the measurement of the magnitude and possible completion of the tasks allocated. The institution had tried creating of different but elated programs to increase its